This paper describes the postoperative rehabilitation of the arthrofibrotic knee, with specific emphasis on modern rehabilitation techniques. The significance of prevention and early recognition is discussed. The importance of early motion and patellar mobility is emphasized and specific exercises to prevent and treat stiffness are described. Continuous passive motion, bracing, and exercise--on the stationary bicycle, on the treadmill, and in water--are adjuncts in the program. Strengthening is added when motion is re-established and there is no swelling or pain. Sport-specific activities are added if progress is satisfactory and motion is maintained. If pain, swelling, or stiffness develops, exercises should be discontinued. Modalities such as cryotherapy, ultrasound, electrical stimulation, rest, and manipulation can be used judiciously. Anti-inflammatory and analgesic medications should be used to prevent inflammation, to control pain, and to allow more aggressive rehabilitative exercises.